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Effect of towing speed on retention of zooplankton in bongo nets.

Long-term time series of zooplankton data provide invaluable information about the fluctuations of species abundance and the stability of marine community structure. These data have demonstrated that environmental variability have a profound effect on zooplankton communities across the Atlantic basin (Beaugrand et al., 2002; Frank et al., 2005; Pershing et al., 2005). The value of these time series increases as they lengthen, but so does the likelihood of changes in sampling or processing methods. Sampling zooplankton with nylon nets is highly selective and biased because of mesh selectivity, net avoidance, and damage to fragile organisms. One sampling parameter that must be ...

<0.05) groupings that were also evident in the low-stress MDS plots (Fig. 3). These station clusters for the two tow speeds were nearly identical, both reflecting the different depth strata and areas sampled during the survey. The two large clusters were essentially inshore and offshore station groupings, and the remaining three were different deepwater (><0.05) from the faster tows, averaging 40% higher (Table 1). Because mean and median total zooplankton counts at the two speeds were not significantly different (P>

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