Article: American workers are steering clear of unions because of management opposition.(Originated from Knight-Ridder Newspapers)

American workers are steering clear of unions because they see management as having the upper hand in labor-management relations, according to a study released Thursday in New York.

Management opposition to unions was by far the most common reason that workers who want unions don't have them, the study found.

And workers who scorn union membership gave union weakness as their major reason for preferring to go it alone.

``Workers understand that management holds all the cards,'' said Richard B. Freeman of Harvard University and the London School of Economics, one of two academics who designed the study. His comment was based in part on focus-group ...

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