Article: Singing outside the frame: the female voice-off in Gigi (Minnelli, 1958).(movie director Vincente Minnelli)

Because of the deviation it offers from the standard rule of synchronization and the opportunity it affords for considering how cinema has made use of its off-screen space, the voice-off (along with the voice-over) tended to figure quite prominently in the theoretical work that was carried out during the 1980s on the voice in film. Yet an examination of the kind of roles ascribed to such a device (which basically involves the source of a diegetic voice being located off-screen at the point of utterance) reveals some of the disagreements and polemical tendencies characterising voice-related writing of that period. Michel Chion's book The Voice in Cinema (1) is centrally ...

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