Article: Sharing the burden of proof in parallel importation cases: a proposal for a synthesis of United States and European Union trademark law.

In the European Economic Area (1) (EEA), the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has recently held that parallel importers of trademarked goods carry the burden of proving that the mark holder consented to the importation of such goods within the EEA. (2) While the United States has allocated the burden of proof on the trademark holder under the Lanham Act, (3) the burden of proof is on the parallel importer under the Tariff Act. (4) First, this paper will demonstrate the inadequacy of the current allocation of the burden of proof under the United States Tariff Act. (5) Second, this paper will demonstrate the need for the ECJ to clarify the parallel importer's burden of proof ...

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