The National Standards for Physical Education (National Association for Sport and Physical Education [NASPE], 2004) provides, at each grade level, sample performance outcomes that identify students' progress toward achieving each standard. Many of the performance outcomes indicated for standard one identify movement competency in gymnastics as a desirable goal for elementary-age students. For example, the performance outcomes state that students in grades K-2 should be able to balance on a variety of body parts. At a more advanced level, students in third through fifth grades should be able to incorporate a variety of balances into refined gymnastic sequences with smooth ...