Water distribution can have a significant impact on ungulates in arid environments if water is scarce. When water distribution is inadequate, then ungulates may have large home range sizes, or be concentrated near water sources. Because establishing water sources is expensive, research is needed to determine distribution of water sources adequate to meet management goals. To assess the effect of water distribution on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in a semiarid environment, 48 adult (estimated [greater than or equal to] four years of age), male white-tailed deer were captured, radio-collared and their movements tracked over two years in southern Texas. Densities of ponds and ...