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Saint Peter sheathes his sword: the modern papacy's turn toward pacifism.

In the first half of the twentieth century, papal social teaching focused primarily on the economic challenges of the modern industrial state. Since World War II, the social thought of the modern popes has expanded dramatically to address problems of military conflict, terrorism, and global peace. A major dimension of papal social teaching, especially from John XXIII to Benedict XVI, has been mounting discontent with classic just war theory and unprecedented openness toward pacifism. This essay critically investigates the modern papacy's turn toward the pacifist option.

Since Pope Leo XIII's landmark encyclical Rerum Novarum (1891), modern Roman Catholic social teaching has been ...

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