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Shaping the Spanish modern man: the conflict of masculine ideals through a court case in the 1920s.

IN 1872, TWO ENGLISH "ladies" visited Biscay, in the north of Spain. When they attempted to go for a walk down the central streets of the city unaccompanied, they were disappointed to discover that it was impossible. In their travel notes they complained: "The idle men of Spain have no respect for unprotected women." (1) In effect, women were restricted by the traditional male practice of publicly commenting on any woman who appeared in public without a male escort. The assault usually took the form of a sexual comment called, in Spanish, a piropo.

A piropo was not a compliment; it was a remark, sometimes obscene, sometimes even friendly, but always sexual, about a woman's ...

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