Article: Subverting Banda's dictatorship in Malawi: orality as counter-discourse in Jack Mapanje's Of Chameleons and Gods.(Hastings Kamuzu Banda)(Critical essay)

The government of former president-for-life Dr. H.K. Banda and the Malawi Congress Party (MCP) in Malawi was a dictatorship that relied on coercion as well as mobilization of grassroots popular support and consent to maintain itself in power for 30 years (1964-1994). The regime's coercive tactics included draconian censorship of stories, poems, plays, songs, and other creative work that contained any critical commentary of the dictatorship (Gibbs 69-83; Zeleza 33-37). The ruling party also made liberal use of detention without trial, the torture of political opponents, extra-judicial killings, and forced exile against those it deemed a threat to its survival (Africa Watch ...

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