Article: Area array packaging--then and now.(Circuits Unusual)

High-volume packaging was presumably launched during WWII, when ceramic modules were mass-produced for proximity bomb fuses. Alumina ([Al.sub.2][O.sub.3]) was found to be a highly robust substrate and is still widely used today. The war-era packages used screen-printed conductors that were fixed by firing at higher temperatures than was required by the inorganic ceramic chemistry. Components, such as miniature vacuum tubes, were hand soldered. Some progress had been made with printing resistors; the mixed technology led to the term hybrid circuits and ceramic hybrid technology. The second-level connection from the module also required hand soldering using an insulated wire ...

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