Article: Ball grid array soldering: fine-pitch BGAs accommodate new design needs, but present daunting assembly problems.(Electronics)

Assembling a printed circuit board (PCB) assembly populated with ball-grid array (BGA) packages requires the utmost precision, especially in the case of micro-BGAs. Component placement tolerances must be remarkably tight, and the right kind of flux is critical, because the method of activating the flux determines the reliability of the solder joints. The dispensing method used to control the amount of solder paste on the BGA pads also plays a critical role in avoiding solder defects.

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These issues comprise one side of the assembly story. The other is that BGA-associated solder defects are often tricky to detect, due to shrinking BGA ...

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