Article: Cortical recovery of swallowing function in wound botulism.(Research article)

Authors: Inga K Teismann (corresponding author) [1,2]; Olaf Steinstraeter [1]; Tobias Warnecke [2]; Julian Zimmermann [2]; Erich B Ringelstein [2]; Christo Pantev [1]; Rainer Dziewas [2]

Background

Swallowing is a complex function involving 5 cranial nerves and 50 different smooth and skeletal muscles. In the neural processing of swallowing both brainstem and cortical areas are involved. In the last few years an increasing number of studies has examined the cortical representation of human swallowing by means of fMRI, PET, TMS, and MEG [1, 2, 3]. In summary, bilateral involvement of the sensorimotor areas as well as insula activation was found. Most ...

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