Article: Writer, explorer, spinster, spy. (archeologist Gertrude Bell)

The image of te Lawrence in billowing white robes, galloping through undulating sands to negotiate critical deals with desert rulers on behalf of "the Empire" is a popular European image of the influence exerted by the British in the Middle East during the early 20th century. However, a new biography of writer, archaeologist, spinster and spy, Gertrude Bell, argues that it was she, rather than the dashing Lawrence, the man who `made kings' and `drew lines in the sand', who played a major part in the creation of the modern Gulf states. And next month a British Council exhibition arrives in Cairo on the first leg of a tour - which will include the Gulf states - intended to ...

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