Azerbaijan has the distinction of having been the first Muslim democracy in the world in 1919-20 when it was, fleetingly, independent. That past is unlikely to come to life again in the foreseeable future. Opposition activists note that the Azeri regime's policies are more liable to pave the way for Shi'ite Islamist fundamentalism, rather than a return of democracy. They say Azerbaijan's political freedoms have declined in an inverse ratio with the oil proceeds (see omt1AzerProspJuly1-08). But other opponents of the regime say President Ilham Aliyev is steering Azerbaijan to a Kemalist model with his father, the late Heidar Aliyev, having called himself the father of the Azeri ...

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