Article: Too much of a good thing: self-confidence gone awry creates risks.(PSYCHOLOGY of safety)

"Believe and achieve," bellows a candidate on the popular TV game show "Deal or No Deal."

"We believe," scream the zealous fans at the college basketball game.

"Self-confidence is key to personal success," asserts the instructor of a leadership seminar.

"Self-affirmations enable you to reach your dreams," declares the keynote speaker at a professional development conference.

I bet most readers have heard these or similar statements. In the academic world these motivational slogans reflect "self-efficacy"--the belief one can accomplish a certain task well. Research suggests clinical therapy can only be effective if the client has ...

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