Article: Advanced mixing technologies of intermeshing mixer for silica-filled compounds.

The green tire technology has been introduced by Rauline (refs. 1 and 2) with the use of bifunctional organosilanes, particularly TESPT (bis-(triethoxy-silylpropyl)tetrasulfide) as coupling agent with silica, and has enabled a new compound technology in the tire industry in terms of a better wet traction, a reduced rolling resistance and an improved abrasion resistance. However, the application of silica instead of carbon black involves major problems due to the polar nature of silica, which leads to stronger filler-filler interactions and hydrophilic characteristics. Silica particles easily form agglomerates, and the non-polar polymer matrix makes the silica incompatible; ...

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