Article: The impacts of coal mining on the economy and environment of South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia.(Report)

I. Coal in Indonesia and Its Environmental Impacts

Coal is one of the world's most plentiful energy resources and its use is likely to quadruple by 2020. The world coal trade grew steadily from 386.90 million tons in 1990 to 468.20 million tons in 1995, and to an estimated 1,920.90 million tons in 2005 (Mimuroto 2002).

Coal occurs in many forms and qualities, mainly, (a) hard coal, which includes coking coal used to produce steel, and other bituminous and anthracite coals used for steam and power generation, and (b) brown coal (sub-bituminous and lignite), which is used mostly as onsite fuel. Coal has a wide range of content characteristics including ...

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