Article: Research from University of Amsterdam broadens understanding of science.

"We have reconstructed the altitudinal position of the upper forest line (UFL) during the last 6000 years. This boundary between montane forest and paramo (tropical alpine grasslands) has important ecological and societal relevance," scientists in Netherlands report.

"It is suggested that human-induced fires and deforestation during the long occupation history of the Central Valley of Ecuador have caused a downslope shift of the UFL and have given way to a downslope expansion of paramo vegetation. More recently, montane forests and lower paramo have been replaced to a large extent by agricultural land. Pollen analysis of a 90 cm long sediment core G15-II from a ...

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