Article: Bottom-up foreign policy. (United States)

More than six years since the fall of the Berlin Wall, two administrations have tried and failed to construct a post-Cold War foreign policy that enjoys intellectual support among specialists and political acceptance within the country at large. Neither the "new world order", of the Bush administration nor the Clinton administration's doctrine of democratic and free market "enlargement" has endured as an organizing concept. As a result, both administrations have repeatedly been driven to a pattern of reactive diplomacy. Pronouncements have been made or actions have been taken on an ad hoc basis. The aim has been to deflect public pressure or protect the image of the ...

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