Article: Data from University of Stuttgart advance knowledge in life sciences.

According to a study from Stuttgart, Germany, "A convergent synthesis of a series of 4,4 '-functionalized 1,1 '-biisoquinolines via 1-chloro-4-hydroxyisoquinoline and substituted biphenyl- and phenylpyrimidine ethers as building blocks is described."

"The latter were prepared by Williamson etherification of the respective 4-hydroxybiphenyl and -phenylpyrimidine precursors with dibromoalkanes, allowing variation of the spacer lengths. 1-Chloro-4-hydroxyisoquinoline was obtained from N-phthalimidoglycine ethyl ester through a Gabriel-Colman reaction as a key step," wrote E. Kapatsina and colleagues, University of Stuttgart (see also Life Sciences).

The ...

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