Article: Study findings on hormones are outlined in reports from University of New Hampshire.

"The specificity of the vertebrate hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axes is explained by the evolutionary refinement of the specificity of expression and selectivity of interaction between the glycoprotein hormones GpH (FSH, LH, and TSH) and their cognate receptors GpH-R (FSH-R, LH-R, and TSH-R). These two finely tuned signaling pathways evolved by gene duplication and functional divergence from an ancestral GpH/GpH-R pair," investigators in the United States report (see also Hormones).

"Comparative analysis of the protochordate and gnathostome endocrine systems suggests that this process took place prior or concomitantly with ...

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