Article: Resisting Gwendolen's "subjection": 'Daniel Deronda's proto-feminism. (novel by George Eliot)

George Eliot's feminism, as readers and critics regularly observe, is not untrammelled. While her novels readily reveal, to the late twentieth-century reader, the painful consequences for women of a patriarchy that denies them any desire beyond that which is sanctioned, her women characters' ability to recognize this patriarchy and so transcend their victimization is always compromised by their dependency on male affection or male power. Hers are not, in other words, novels that unambiguously chart the possibility of female heroes. Her novels may teach us contemporary readers about how the patriarchy works to deprive women of the ability to act, its ability to subject ...

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