Article: Study results from Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH update understanding of glass technology.

According to recent research published in the Glass Technology - European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part a, "High level liquid waste (HLLW) originating from reprocessing of spent fuel front commercial nuclear power plants usually contains 2 to 6 g/l of the fission-products ruthenium, rhodium and palladium depending on details of spent fuel burn-up and reprocessing. The properties and behaviour of these platinum group elements (PGE) during vitrification of HLLW by a joule heated liquid fed ceramic lined glass melter (LFCM) are described."

"The PGE are first chemically and radiochemically characterised and their solubility in borosilicate glass melts ...

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