Article: Findings from Stanford University broaden understanding of biodeterioration and biodegradation.

"Cell-free supernatant from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 reduced carbon tetrachloride to chloroform, a suspension of Fe(III) and solid Fe(III) to iron (II). The putative reducing agent was tentatively identified as menaquinone-1 (MQ-1)-a water-soluble menaquinone with a single isoprenoid residue in the side chain," scientists in the United States report.

"Synthetic MQ-1 reduced carbon tetrachloride to chloroform and amorphous iron (III) hydroxide to iron (II). To test the generality of this result among menaquinones, the reductive activities of vitamin K-2 (MQ-7)-a lipid-associated menaquinone with 7 or 8 isoprenoid residues-was evaluated. This molecule also ...

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