Article: Harmful algae pose additional challenges for oyster restoration: impacts of the harmful algae Karlodinium veneficum and Prorocentrum minimum on early life stages of the oysters Crassostrea virginica and Crassostrea ariakensis.(Report)

ABSTRACT The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) has been in decline along the eastern seaboard, and especially in Chesapeake Bay, for decades because of over-harvesting, disease and declines in water quality and suitable habitat. Eutrophication has also been increasing over the past half century, leading to increases in hypoxia and harmful algal blooms (HABs). The effects of two common Chesapeake Bay HAB dinoflagellates, Karlodinium veneficum, and Prorocentrum minimum were tested on larvae of C. virginica and the Asian oyster being considered for introduction to Chesapeake Bay, C. ariakensis. When embryos from freshly spawned C. virginica and C. ...

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