Article: Kobe University details research in behavior.

According to recent research from Kobe, Japan, "It has been shown that in orthopteran insects each of the optic lobes (OLs) contains a circadian pacemaker controlling locomotor activity and that the pars intercerebralis (PI) modifies the activity level. However, the present study showed Period protein-like immunoreactivity (PER-ir) in the PI and dorsolateral protocerebrum (DL) as well as in the OLs in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, which raised the possibility that the PI or DL could be a clock element."

"Therefore, we removed the PI or DL surgically and observed the effects on locomotor rhythms and feeding behavior. In constant darkness (DID), ...

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