Article: Reports outline fire sciences study findings from H. Ishida and colleagues.

"The flame spread in opposed flow through the layered flammable gas mixture along the ground soaked with high-volatile liquid fuel was studied experimentally. The effects of opposed flow velocity on the aspect of flame spread, the velocity of flame spread, the thickness of flammable gas layer and the preheated distance ahead of the flame leading edge were investigated experimentally," investigators in Niigata, Japan report.

"If the velocity of opposed flow at about 1mm above the ground surface is over the flame spread velocity with no surrounding airflow, no flame spread occurs even when the ground temperature is highly above the flash point of the spilled liquid ...

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