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Article: Chlorine and UV disinfection of ampicillin-resistant and trimethoprim-resistant Escherichia coli.(Report)
- Article from:
- Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering
- Article date:
- May 1, 2009
- Author:
CopyrightCOPYRIGHT 2009 NRC Research Press. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)
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Introduction
It has been observed that during water and wastewater treatment there is sometimes a greater proportion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in treated water and wastewater effluents compared to the proportion in untreated water and wastewater, suggesting that treatment may somehow select for antibiotic-resistant survivors (Armstrong et al. 1981; Armstrong et al. 1982; Meckes 1982; Iwane et al. 2001; Kim and Aga 2007). Several explanations have been proposed for this observation, such as a special phenotypic tolerance to chlorine (Earnhardt 1980; Seyfried and Fraser 1980) or protective capsule formation by antibiotic-resistant organisms (Reilly and ...