Article: The relations between student motivational beliefs and cognitive engagement in high school.(Report)

Even as the majority of researchers in the field of educational psychology have moved beyond the examination of race, gender, and socioeconomic status as the causal determinants of academic success or failure, the focus of research has been consistently split along two lines (Furrer & Skinner, 2003). Furrer and Skinner argued that the first line of research has focused on student-centered cognitive-motivational factors such as self-efficacy (Bandura, 1986, 1994; Schunk, 1989), achievement goals (Ames, 1992; Ames & Archer, 1988; Urdan, 1997), and, more recently, perceived instrumentality (Miller, DeBacker, & Greene, 1999), with each of the previously mentioned variables ...

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