Article: Sexual modes in the colonial kamptozoan genus Barentsia.

Introduction

Colonial animals display a diversity of sexual modes. Every colonial species can be examined at two levels, that of the zooid (the structure that is iterated to form a colony) and that of the colony. In many colonial species, there can be multiple colonies per genet (genetic individual: all tissue derived mitotically from one zygote) produced early in development by polyembryony, or later by fragmentation or encapsulation. Such animals have three levels of organization: the zooid, the colony, and the whole multicolony genet. One way of classifying the sexual modes of colonial animals (Wasson and Newberry, 1997) is to designate each of the three ...

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