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Article: Floral characters link herbivores, pollinators, and plant fitness.
- Article from:
- Ecology
- Article date:
- September 1, 1997
- Author:
CopyrightCOPYRIGHT 1997 Ecological Society of America. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)
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INTRODUCTION
Both herbivores and pollinators have been shown to have large effects on plant fitness (e.g., references in Crawley 1983, Jones and Little 1983, Marquis 1992). Although much is known about the individual effects of herbivores and pollinators, relatively few studies have examined the interactive effects of these species on plant ecology and evolution. The focus of this feature is to illustrate how simultaneous consideration of several forces acting on organisms in concert may provide us with a broader understanding of evolutionary and ecological pressures faced by individuals. In this context, I will present some ideas on how our approach to measuring ...