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Article: Effects of response cost in computerized programmed instruction.
- Article from:
- The Psychological Record
- Article date:
- March 22, 1998
- Author:
CopyrightCOPYRIGHT 1998 The Psychological Record. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)
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Two tenets of programmed instruction are that students should be permitted to proceed at their desired pace, and aversive contingencies should not be employed (Skinner, 1968). There is some evidence, however, that these fundamental assumptions may not provide the best conditions for learning.
When students are permitted to proceed at their desired pace, sometimes they respond so quickly that they make errors on material they know well. This behavior has been labeled racing (Crosbie & Kelly, 1993, 1994). If being permitted to proceed is a conditioned reinforcer, with escape from the learning situation the backup negative reinforcer, then faster responding produces the ...