Article: Studies from M.T. Lloyd and colleagues yield new information about physical chemistry.

According to a study from the United States, "The efficiency of poly(3-hexylthiophene)/zinc oxide planar heterojunction solar cells is on average raised by a factor of 2.9 by incorporating lithium during the sol-gel processing of the metal oxide layer. Studies performed on over 300 diodes show systematic increases in both open-circuit voltage (V,,) and short-circuit current (J(sc)) up to an optimum Li concentration between 15 and 20 atom %. Compared to pure ZnO devices, the incorporation of lithium improves the V-oc and J(sc) by an average of 42 and 90%, respectively."

"For the best device, the efficiency increases by a factor of 7.5, yielding a power conversion ...

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