Article: Not exactly rocket science: spaceflight.(Clifford Singer's ball-bearing centrifuge propulsion concept)(Brief Article)

ROCKET engines are unwieldy things. The faster you want a spacecraft to move, the more fuel it must carry, and the less room there is left for useful payload. Which is why, over the years, a number of bizarre alternatives have been proposed: space lifts, for example, to hoist satellites into orbit, or solar sails to waft space probes along using the gentle pressure of radiation from the sun. Perhaps the craziest-sounding idea is that of Clifford Singer of the University of Illinois. His plan is to send spacecraft on their way by bombarding them with ball-bearings.

Several years after he originally floated the idea, Dr Singer has now worked out the practical details. ...

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