Article: Research on plastic and reconstructive surgery reported by scientists at Northwestern University.

"Breast reconstruction has evolved significantly during its short, 40-year history. What began as limited reconstruction through the use of local skin flaps has now become an entire array of procedures including novel autologous flaps and new techniques in implant/expander use," investigators in the United States report (see also Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery).

"Throughout this evolution, the primary goal of reconstruction has always remained the same: to recreate the most natural breast mound possible. In the early 1980s, autologous tissue was at the forefront of breast reconstruction, and the pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap ...

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