Article: Research reports on bone and joint surgery from S. Sabharwal and colleagues provide new insights.

According to recent research from the United States, "It is well recognized that the alignment of the lower limb changes during early childhood. The hip-knee-ankle angle is often referred to as the mechanical femoral-tibial angle and is measured on a full-length radiograph of the lower extremity."

"While several authors have independently reported consistent reference values for the hip-knee-ankle angle in adults, such values have not been well documented for children. The purpose of our study was to establish reference values for the hip-knee-ankle angle and assess the relationship between it and the anatomic femoral-tibial angle in children. A database at a ...

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