Article: Coleman Hawkins & Benny Carter.

The most notable of these musicians was Benny Carter--a great arranger and alto saxophonist who could also rank with the best on clarinet and trumpet. Lacking the showmanship of Duke Ellington, Carter had never quite made it in the States, but in France and England he was a titan. Coleman Hawkins, who had revolutionize the style and technique of the tenor sax, remained in Paris until the outbreak of World War II. And there were many others. Until the arrival of these jazzmen, French musicians had learned their jazz from a study of recordings, and from the tours of American bands such as those of Will Marion Cook and Sam Wooding.

These studies had produced the ...

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