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Article: Ketoprofen Tissue Permeation in Swine Following Cathodic Iontophoresis.
- Article from:
- Physical Therapy
- Article date:
- January 1, 1999
- Author:
CopyrightCOPYRIGHT 1999 American Physical Therapy Association, Inc. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)
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Multiple pharmaceutic methods exist for delivering medications transcutaneously. The most common and widely used method is injection. Alternative methods include the use of electromotive force (iontophoresis or ionization), mechanical force (phonophoresis or sonophoresis), or passive permeation. Parenteral transcutaneous delivery of pharmacologic agents has potential benefits. Avoidance of adverse effects on the gastrointestinal system when these same agents are introduced into the body orally is one example. Following oral administration and alimentary absorption of drugs, they are transported through the portal system to the liver where they may be metabolized. ...