Article: Topsoil Is Alive: Keep It Fresh.

As anyone finds after moving into a newly built home, a yard full of "sterile" subsoil is a poor substitute for healthy topsoil when it comes to growing a lawn, shrubs, or a garden. Topsoil brims with worms, microorganisms, and organic matter. Subsoil -- material from below the topsoil -- usually spells subpar greenery.

Mining companies face a similar problem when reclaiming strip-mined Western rangeland. But their problem is far more serious: Federal and, often, state laws require them to replant and establish native vegetation. New research points to a way to give their efforts a better chance of success.

While rangeland vegetation like sagebrush may ...

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