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Article: The effects of psychological empowerment on transformational leadership and job satisfaction.(Replications and Refinements)
- Article from:
- The Journal of Social Psychology
- Article date:
- June 1, 1999
- Author:
CopyrightCOPYRIGHT 1999 Heldref Publications. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)
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Bryman (1992) found that transformational leadership behaviors are positively related to a number of important organizational outcomes including perceived extra effort, organizational citizenship behaviors, and job satisfaction. However, the "substitutes for leadership" concept suggests that the key to improving the effectiveness of leaders is to identify the characteristics of subordinates, work tasks, and organizations that substitute, neutralize, or enhance leadership behaviors (Howell, Dorfman, & Kerr, 1986; Kerr & Jermier, 1978). Many researchers believe that these variables moderate the relationship between transformational leadership behaviors and organizational ...