Article: The Necessity of Uncertainty: A Case Study of Language Arts Reform.

The call for language arts reform is clear. The expectations are high. The mission is to create classrooms in which all children are becoming strategic, critical, independent, and lifelong readers and writers (National Council of Teachers of English, 1996). Policy makers and administrators, however, cannot create these classrooms through instructional mandates. Duffy and Hoffman (1999) argue that teachers are key and that the success of language arts reform hinges on independent, problem-solving, and spirited teachers who understand that their job is to use many good methods and materials in various ways according to students' needs (p. 15). The educational community has ...

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