Article: MAKE A MEDIEVAL BOOK.(techniques for producing a medieval book)

Writing was the key to communication in the Early Middle Ages. There were no telephones, radios, televisions, or computers. There were also no printing presses. Thus, we call medieval books "manuscripts," which means "written by hand." At the time, few people could read or write, so the scribe was very important. Most scribes were church men or women, who learned to read and write so that they could chant prayers. They wrote on fine leather, called "vellum" if it was made from calf skin, or "parchment" if it was made from goat or sheep skin. For pens, they used sharpened bird quills or reeds. Ink was made from soot or boiled oak galls (swellings on oak trees left by gall ...

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