Article: MODULATION IMPERFECTIONS IN IS54/136 DUAL-MODE CELLULAR RADIO.

Nonideal in-phase and quadrature (IQ) calibration circuits on one hand, and the synthesizer's phase noise spurious response and carrier leakage on the other, affect modulation quality by degrading modulation parameters such as error vector magnitude (EVM), spectral mask and residual AM. The transmitter's gain chain and its output power amplifier linearity and synthesizer phase noise degrade the spectral purity of the transmitter and its spectral mask even further consequently degrading the system's bit error rate (BER) performance. This article identifies typical modulation errors related to the RF and digital sections of a dual-mode [12,13] (TDMA/AMPS) cellular phone ...

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