Article: Costs of Smoking Among Active Duty U.S. Air Force Personnel -- United States, 1997.

Smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States [1]. The health consequences of smoking impose a substantial economic toll on persons, employers, and society. Smoking accounts for $50-$73 billion in annual medical-care expenditures, or 6%-i 2% of all U.S. medical costs [2-5]. The costs associated with lost productivity also are extensive [2]. In 1997, approximately 25% of male and 27% of female active duty Air Force (ADAF) personnel aged 17-64 years were smokers [6]. A 1997 retrospective cohort study was conducted among ADAF personnel to estimate the short-term medical and lost productivity costs of current smoking to the U.S. Air Force ...

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