Article: The Spanish Armada.

"ENGLAND'S chief defence depends upon the navy being always ready to defend the realm against invasion." Thus a submission to the English Privy Council in 1555, intended to persuade the government to increase defence spending. The speaker was Queen Mary's King-Consort, Prince Philip, heir to the throne of Spain. Thirty-three years later his own Armada tested those defences. Four centuries on, English publishers are indulging in an orgy of commemoration.

Four works, widely different from one another, stand out among the dozen or so issued so far. Colin Martin and Geoffrey Parker, respectively an underwater archaeologist and a leading historian, have written a ...

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