TRAIT-MEDIATED INDIRECT EFFECTS IN LARVAL ANURANS: REVERSING COMPETITION WITH THE THREAT OF PREDATION.(Statistical Data Included)

RICK A. RELYEA [1]

Abstract. Ecologists recently have been focusing on the role that trait-mediated indirect effects can have on community structure and composition. To date, this work has primarily focused on the effects of predator-induced behavioral plasticity on communities. However, predator-induced morphological plasticity, which has been documented in many taxa, might also lead to trait-mediated indirect effects. Here, I examined how predators altered the behavior and morphology of larval wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) and leopard frogs (R. pipiens) and how these phenotypic changes altered the outcome of competition between the two species.

Competition in the ...

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