Article: THREE NATIONS EMERGE FROM THE SHADOWS THROUGH WARFARE AND DIPLOMACY, GERMANY AND ITALY ARE BORN; JAPAN MODERNIZES.(OUR MILLENNIUM)

Byline: BROWN H. CARPENTER, STAFF WRITER

GERMANY AND ITALY - two of Europe's major states - didn't even exist when Abraham Lincoln was first elected president of the United States. A third country, Japan, emerged from feudalism at about the same time to quickly become a significant force in Asia.

Italy and Japan are easily defined by their geography: The Italian boot-like peninsula juts southeastward from the Alps into the Mediterranean Sea; the Japanese islands lie off eastern China.

Germany is more complicated. The Rhine River always seemed like a natural western boundary, but in the east the German people gradually give way to Slavic lands. ...

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