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Article: Role of Local Contextual Factors in Building Public Participation GIS: The Milwaukee Experience.(geographic information systems)
- Article from:
- Cartography and Geographic Information Science
- Article date:
- July 1, 2001
- Author:
CopyrightCOPYRIGHT 2001 American Congress on Surveying & Mapping. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)
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Introduction
Processes of de-industrialization and disinvestment have severely affected many American cities that once teemed with manufacturing and heavy industries. The result has been blighted central-city neighborhoods with high rates of poverty, unemployment, and crime, and generally a degraded standard of living. To counter these trends, government agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have implemented programs for revitalizing declining neighborhoods. Simultaneously, an important shift in local governance strategies has occurred, as citizen-based neighborhood groups and other local community organizations in cities across the country are ...