Article: Up-regulation of integrins [[alpha].sub.3] [[beta].sub.1] in sulfate-starved marine sponge cells: functional correlates.

William J. Kuhns (1)

Dario Rusciano (2)

Jane Kaltenbach (3)

Michael Ho (1)

Max Burger (2)

Xavier Fernandez-Busquets (4)

Integrins are a large family of heterodimeric transmembrane glycoproteins that attach cells to fibronectin and collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins of the basement membrane. The attachment is by way of recognition sequences--RGD in the case of fibronectin. The transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of integrins provide a conduit for outside-in as well as inside-out signaling (1). Integrins or their domains have been highly conserved over many millions of years as judged from their ...

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