Article: Protease inhibitors in children: combination therapy reduced death by two thirds.

A November 22 article in the New England Journal of Medicine reported on a cohort of 1028 HIV-infected children studied from 1996 through 1999 (1). After statistical analysis to adjust for the fact that those starting treatment tended to be sicker, the study found that introduction of an antiretroviral regimen including a protease inhibitor was associated with a two-thirds reduction in risk of death (hazard ratio 0.33). The total reduction in death -- reflecting many treatment advances, not just antiretroviral therapy -- was more impressive: 5.3% mortality in 1996, 2.1% in 1997, 0.9% in 1998, and 0.7% in 1999. Both findings were highly statistically significant, p

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